Prevalence of cooperation within groups of selfish individuals is puzzling in that it contradicts
with the basic premise of natural selection. Favoring players with higher fitness, the latter is …

Game theory is one of the key paradigms behind many scientific disciplines from biology to
behavioral sciences to economics. In its evolutionary form and especially when the …

Direct and indirect reciprocity are key mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation. Direct
reciprocity means that individuals use their own experience to decide whether to cooperate …

The problem of achieving widespread immunity to infectious diseases by voluntary
vaccination is often presented as a public-goods dilemma, as an individual's vaccination …

We study evolutionary game dynamics in finite populations. We analyze an evolutionary
process, which we call pairwise comparison, for which we adopt the ubiquitous Fermi …

Evolutionary game dynamics describe not only frequency-dependent genetic evolution, but
also cultural evolution in humans. In this context, successful strategies spread by imitation. It …

Reputations provide a powerful mechanism to sustain cooperation, as individuals cooperate
with those of good social standing. But how should someone's reputation be updated as we …

Formal evolutionary models predict when individuals rely on social learning over individual
learning and the relative strength of their conformist social learning biases. Here we use …

We review the theory of public goods in biology. In the N-person prisoner's dilemma, where
the public good is a linear function of the individual contributions, cooperation requires some …

In the animal world, collective action to shelter, protect and nourish requires the cooperation
of group members. Among humans, many situations require the cooperation of more than …