The discontinuity of the canopy habitat is one of the principle differences between the
terrestrial and arboreal environments. An animal's ability to cross gaps—to move from one …

Vertical climbing is an essential behavior for arboreal animals, yet limb mechanics during
climbing are poorly understood and rarely compared with those observed during horizontal …

Vertebrates employ an impressive range of strategies for coordinating their limb movements
while walking. Although this gait variation has been quantified and hypotheses for its origins …

Bipedal locomotion was a major functional change during hominin evolution, yet, our
understanding of this gradual and complex process remains strongly debated. Based on …

During quadrupedal walking in most animals, the forelimbs play a net braking role, whereas
the hindlimbs are net propulsive. However, the mechanism by which this differentiation …

Fine-branch models have long played a central role in primate evolutionary research.
Nevertheless, recent studies of positional behavior in nonprimate arboreal mammals have …

During quadrupedal walking, most primates utilize diagonal-sequence diagonal-couplet
gaits, large limb excursions and hindlimb-biased limb loading. These gait characteristics are …

Morphological traits suggesting powerful jum** abilities are characteristic of early crown
primate fossils. Because tree squirrels lack certain 'primatelike'gras** features but …

Objectives Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor
mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and …

Packet theory (Kirkpatrick 2002; Kirkpatrick and Church 2003) was originally developed to
provide a bridge between classical conditioning and interval timing. These two fields …