Cardiovascular disease in women remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. Recent
studies suggest that this is caused, at least in part, by the lack of sex-specific diagnostic …

Biological sex is an important modifier of physiology and influences pathobiology in many
diseases. While heart disease is the number one cause of death worldwide in both men and …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is most often diagnosed in its advanced stages because of
the nonspecific nature of early symptoms and signs. Although clinical assessment is …

Aims The impact of exercise training on the right heart and pulmonary circulation has not yet
been invasively assessed in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart …

The inherent assumptions of the PVR equation are that (mPAP− LAP)/CO relationships are
linear and cross the line of origin. If these assumptions are correct, PVR should be …

Background: Single measurements of left ventricular filling pressure at rest lack sensitivity for
identifying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with dyspnea on …

The transpulmonary pressure gradient (TPG), defined by the difference between mean
pulmonary arterial pressure (P pa) and left atrial pressure (P la; commonly estimated by …

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension remain poor despite
advanced therapies. Although consensus guidelines recommend against pregnancy in …

Exercise stresses the pulmonary circulation through increases in cardiac output (Q.) and left
atrial pressure. Invasive as well as noninvasive studies in healthy volunteers show that the …

Background Echocardiographic studies have contributed to progress in the understanding of
the pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation and have been shown to be useful for …