Polariton lasers emit coherent monochromatic light through a spontaneous emission
process. As a rare example of a system in which Bose–Einstein condensation and …

This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in the fundamental
understanding and active control of quantum fluids of light in nonlinear optical systems. In …

Phase transitions to quantum condensed phases—such as Bose–Einstein condensation
(BEC), superfluidity, and superconductivity—have long fascinated scientists, as they bring …

In the past decade, a two-dimensional matter-light system called the microcavity exciton-
polariton has emerged as a new promising candidate of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) …

Microcavities are semiconductor, metal, or dielectric structures providing optical confinement
in one, two or three dimensions. At the end of the 20th century, microcavities have attracted …

We have created polaritons in a harmonic potential trap analogous to atoms in optical traps.
The trap can be loaded by creating polaritons 50 micrometers from its center that are …

Revealing universal behaviours is a hallmark of statistical physics. Phenomena such as the
stochastic growth of crystalline surfaces and of interfaces in bacterial colonies, and spin …

We observe a room-temperature low-threshold transition to a coherent polariton state in bulk
GaN microcavities in the strong-coupling regime. Nonresonant pulsed optical pum** …

We develop a mean-field theory of the dynamics of a nonequilibrium Bose-Einstein
condensate of exciton polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity. The spectrum of …

The interaction of exciton-plasmon coupling and the conversion of exciton-plasmon-photon
have been widely investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we introduce …