The human brain possesses neural networks and mechanisms enabling the representation
of numbers, basic arithmetic operations, and mathematical reasoning. Without the ability to …

Background Fractions are known to be difficult for children and adults. Behavioral studies
suggest that magnitude processing of fractions can be improved via number line estimation …

In this study, we present a mathematical analysis distinguishing two conceptions of
equivalence: proportional equivalence and unit equivalence. These two conceptions have …

Background Recent research indicates that processing proportion magnitude is associated
with activation in the intraparietal sulcus. Thus, brain areas associated with the processing of …

Many students face difficulties with fractions. Research in mathematics education and
cognitive psychology aims at understanding where and why students struggle with fractions …

In recent years, neuroimaging methods have been used to investigate how the human mind
carries out deductive reasoning. According to some, the neural substrate of language is …

The ability to generate and process semantic relations is central to many aspects of human
cognition. Theorists have long debated whether such relations are coarsely coded as links …

Rational numbers, such as fractions, decimals, and percentages, are a persistent challenge
in the mathematics curriculum. An underappreciated source of rational number difficulties …

Understanding and using symbolic fractions in mathematics is critical for access to
advanced STEM concepts. However, children and adults consistently struggle with fractions …

Humans differ from other animal species in their unique ability to use symbols to represent
numerical information. This ability is thought to emerge from the “neural recycling” of …