Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin that has been produced on this earth for more than 500
million years. During exposure to sunlight 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin absorbs UV B …

Over 1.66 million humans (approx. 500/100 000 population rate) and over 4.2 million dogs
(approx. 5300/100 000 population rate) are diagnosed with cancer annually in the USA. The …

Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great
Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid …

Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth's magnetic poles, but the global
impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited …

Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of
Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. We present a draft …

One enduring question in evolutionary biology is the extent of archaic admixture in the
genomes of present-day populations. In this paper, we present a test for ancient admixture …

There exists an undeniable chasm between the capacities of humans and those of animals.
Our minds have spawned civilizations and technologies that have changed the face of the …

Human skin pigmentation is the product of two clines produced by natural selection to adjust
levels of constitutive pigmentation to levels of UV radiation (UVR). One cline was generated …

Assessing the genetic contribution of Neanderthals to non-disease phenotypes in modern
humans has been difficult because of the absence of large cohorts for which common …

Animal coloration is a powerful model for studying the genetic mechanisms that determine
phenotype. Genetic crosses of laboratory mice have provided extensive information about …