Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) used to be thought of simply as lethal
and (for H 2 S) smelly gaseous molecules; now they are known to have important signaling …

Ruminal fermentation products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and CO2 acutely
stimulate urea transport across the ruminal epithelium in vivo, whereas ammonia has …

Abstract pH is one of the most important parameters in life, influencing virtually every
biological process at the cellular, tissue, and whole-body level. Thus, for cells, it is critical to …

Mammalian glycosylated rhesus (Rh) proteins include the erythroid RhAG and the
nonerythroid RhBG and RhCG. RhBG and RhCG are expressed in multiple tissues …

Ureotelic elasmobranchs require nitrogen for both protein growth and urea-based
osmoregulation, and therefore are probably nitrogen-limited in nature. Mechanisms exist for …

Because majority of biological processes are dependent on pH, maintaining systemic acid-
base balance is critical. The kidney contributes to systemic acid-base regulation, by …

Urea transporter B (UT-B) is a passive membrane channel that facilitates highly efficient
permeation of urea. In red blood cells (RBC), while the major function of UT-B is to transport …

Since the discovery that CO2 passes through aquaporin-1 (AQP1; Nakhoul et al. 1998;
Cooper & Boron, 1998), the importance of channel-vs. lipid-mediated gas transport has often …

Urea has been detected in the tear film, aqueous humor, and vitreous of the eye. While most
of the urea in the aqueous humor and vitreous is considered to be an ultrafiltrate from the …