The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has helped us to understand how innate immunity is
activated. In addition to the Toll receptor and the Toll signaling pathway, the Drosophila …

The free radical theory of aging postulates that the production of intracellular reactive
oxygen species is the major determinant of life span. Numerous cell culture, invertebrate …

Disease incidences increase with age, but the molecular characteristics of ageing that lead
to increased disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Here we perform a …

Aging is characterized by a growing risk of disease and death, yet the underlying
pathophysiology is poorly understood. Indeed, little is known about how the functional …

ABSTRACT A major challenge in the biology of aging is to understand how specific age-
onset pathologies relate to the overall health of the organism. The integrity of the intestinal …

Adaptive homeostasis is “the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for
any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub‐toxic, non‐damaging …

The early observations on the rate-of-living theory by Max Rubner and the report by
Gershman that oxygen free radicals exist in vivo culminated in the seminal proposal in the …

Evolutionary theory is firmly grounded on the existence of trade-offs between life-history
traits, and recent interest has centred on the physiological mechanisms underlying such …

Superoxide is among the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the
mitochondria, and is involved in cellular signaling pathways. Superoxide and other ROS can …

Ageing leads to dramatic changes in the physiology of many different tissues resulting in a
spectrum of pathology. Nonetheless, many lines of evidence suggest that ageing is driven …