Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants have developed effective mechanisms to recognize and respond to infections caused
by pathogens. Plant resistance gene analogs (RGAs), as resistance (R) gene candidates …

The Arabidopsis genome contains∼ 200 genes that encode proteins with similarity to the
nucleotide binding site and other domains characteristic of plant resistance proteins …

Innate immunity constitutes the first line of defense against attempted microbial invasion,
and it is a well‐described phenomenon in vertebrates and insects. Recent pioneering work …

It is accepted that most fungal avirulence genes encode virulence factors that are called
effectors. Most fungal effectors are secreted, cysteine-rich proteins, and a role in virulence …

Many disease resistance (R) proteins of plants detect the presence of disease-causing
bacteria, viruses, or fungi by recognizing specific pathogen effector molecules that are …

Plant immune responses are triggered by pattern recognition receptors that detect
conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or by resistance (R) proteins …

More than 50 leaf rust resistance (Lr) genes against the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina
have been identified in the wheat gene pool, and a large number of them have been …

Activation of local and systemic plant defences in response to pathogen attack involves
dramatic cellular reprogramming. Over the past 10 years many novel genes, proteins and …

We report the map-based cloning of the leaf rust resistance gene Lr21, previously mapped
to a generich region at the distal end of chromosome arm 1DS of bread wheat (Triticum …