Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Pseudomonas syringae is one of the most common plant pathogens that infect the
phyllosphere. P. syringae can live on the plant surface as an epiphyte. To cause disease, it …

Pathogenicity of most Gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacteria depends on the type III
secretion (T3S) system, which translocates bacterial effector proteins into plant cells. Type III …

Pseudomonas syringae is an evolutionarily diverse bacterial species complex and a
preeminent model for the study of plant–pathogen interactions due in part to its remarkably …

Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are two major protein degradation
pathways implicated in the response to microbial infections in eukaryotes. In animals, the …

The plant immune system perceives pathogens to trigger defense responses. In turn,
pathogens secrete effector molecules to subvert these defense responses. The initiation and …

Phytopathogenic bacteria possess an arsenal of effector proteins that enable them to
subvert host recognition and manipulate the host to promote pathogen fitness. The type III …

Beyond its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays anti‐and promicrobial roles in host–
microbe interactions, both in animals and plants. One prominent role of antimicrobial …

As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid
transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use …

Recent evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in several
aspects of plant immunity and that a range of plant pathogens subvert the ubiquitin …