Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty
deposits in the inner walls of vessels. These plaques restrict blood flow and lead to …

The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As
multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in …

Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic,
preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between …

OP-EHEA191011_online 2313..2340 Page 1 Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic
cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological, genetic, and therapeutic insights: a consensus …

Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review
aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the
subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the …

Embraced with apolipoproteins (Apo) B and Apo E, triglyceride-enriched very-low-density
lipoprotein (VLDL) is secreted by the liver into circulation, mainly during post-meal hours …

Immune cells were traditionally considered as major pro-inflammatory contributors. Recent
advances in molecular immunology prove that immune cell lineages are composed of …

Overall, data from observational studies in large cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies,
meta-regression analyses, and post-hoc analyses of randomized trials are consistent with …

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major burden on global health and a leading
cause of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of this chronic disease is complex, involving …