As many readers may know, graph theory is a fundamental branch of mathematics that
examines networks consisting of nodes and edges, with a focus on their paths, structures …

The advent of fuzzy sets, and consequently fuzzy graphs, has solved many problems in
ambiguous and uncertain contexts. It is interesting and necessary to study the Wiener index …

The main concept involved in this study explains the theme of complex t-intuitionistic fuzzy
graphs (CTIFGs), which act as a powerful tool in analyzing and displaying the relationships …

Fuzzy graph models are present everywhere from natural to artificial structures, embodying
the dynamic processes in physical, biological, and social systems. As real-life problems are …

The product vague graph (PVG) is one of the most significant issues in fuzzy graph theory,
which has many applications in the medical sciences today. The PVG can manage the …

Fuzzy graphs (FGs), broadly known as fuzzy incidence graphs (FIGs), have been
acknowledged as being an applicable and well-organized tool to epitomize and solve many …

Fuzzy graph models enjoy the ubiquity of being in natural and human-made structures,
namely dynamic process in physical, biological and social systems. As a result of …

Interval-valued picture fuzzy sets (IVPFSs) being the most advanced form of fuzzy sets (FSs)
has more capacity to analyze the network state more intelligently. It is proven that IVPFS is …

The current state of the universe is shifting towards multi-polarity, a well-established
phenomenon that plays a crucial role across various scientific and technological fields …

Fuzzy graph models enjoy the ubiquity of being present in nature and man-made structures,
such as the dynamic processes in physical, biological, and social systems. As a result of …