Pulmonary structure and function change significantly between young adulthood and old
age. Elastic elements of the lung degenerate, parenchymal tissue is lost, alveolar ducts and …

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to
changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by …

The capacity of organisms to sense changes in the levels of internal and external gases and
to respond accordingly is central to a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes …

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic cellular respiration in all aerobic life forms.
PaCO 2 represents the balance between the carbon dioxide produced and that eliminated …

The ability to sense and respond to oxygen deprivation is required for survival; thus,
understanding the mechanisms by which changes in oxygen are linked to cell viability and …

K+ channels fulfill roles spanning from the control of excitability to the regulation of
transepithelial transport. Here we review two groups of K+ channels, pH-regulated K2P …

Current models of respiratory CO2 chemosensitivity are centred around the function of a
specific population of neurons residing in the medullary retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? Cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2, which is a
principal factor in determining ventilatory responses to CO2 through the role reactivity plays …

Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower
brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the …

Maintenance of constant brain pH is critically important to support the activity of individual
neurons, effective communication within the neuronal circuits, and, thus, efficient processing …