Background Freezing reduces the temperature of the food system and extends the shelf life
of food. However, the inevitable formation of ice crystals could impact food quality. Small …

Atmospheric ice nucleation is crucial for global precipitation and affects the structure, lifetime
and reflectivity of clouds, thereby impacting climate. Ice nucleates in various ways from …

Water freezing is ubiquitous and affects areas as diverse as climate, the chemical industry,
cryobiology and materials science. Ice nucleation is the controlling step in water freezing …

Thermodynamic properties of liquid water as well as hexagonal (Ih) and cubic (Ic) ice are
predicted based on density functional theory at the hybrid-functional level, rigorously taking …

Water freezing remains a perennial topic of great relevance to many important aspects of our
lives; from the climate to human society and from economics to medicine, frozen water …

Supercooled water droplets are widely used to study supercooled water,, ice nucleation,–
and droplet freezing,,,,–. Their freezing in the atmosphere affects the dynamics and climate …

Predicting the formation of ice in the atmosphere presents one of the great challenges in
physical sciences with important implications for the chemistry and composition of the …

Molecular simulations have provided valuable insight into the microscopic mechanisms
underlying homogeneous ice nucleation. While empirical models have been used …

Nonclassical crystallization (NCC) summarizes a number of crystallization pathways, which
differ from the classical layer-by-layer growth of crystals involving atomic/molecular building …

Ice accumulation on solid surfaces can incur irretrievable losses and catastrophic affairs in
daily life. These issues can be addressed and strategically alleviated by adopting effective …