Originally identified in studies of cellular resistance to viral infection, interferon (IFN)-γ is now
known to represent a distinct member of the IFN family and plays critical roles not only in …

The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue. Ideally positioned to detect pathogens entering
the body via the gut, the liver appears designed to detect, capture, and clear bacteria …

Aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) is a metabolic hallmark of activated T cells and has
been implicated in augmenting effector T cell responses, including expression of the …

Tissue maintenance and repair depend on the integrated activity of multiple cell types.
Whereas the contributions of epithelial,, immune, and stromal cells, in intestinal tissue …

Background Innate and adaptive immune responses have been evaluated in infected
patients with COVID-19. The severity of the disease has been supposed to be associated …

Receiving both portal vein blood and arterial blood, the liver is an important and critical
component in the defense against blood-borne infection. To accomplish this role, the liver …

Natural killer cells are important effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system, playing
critical roles in antitumor and anti-infection host defense. Tumor progression or chronic …

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exist in a'poised effector'state, which enables them to
rapidly produce cytokines following activation. Using a nearly monospecific T cell receptor …

Natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are subsets of lymphocytes that share
some phenotypical and functional similarities. Both cell types can rapidly respond to the …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play key roles in host defense, barrier integrity, and
homeostasis and mirror adaptive CD4+ T helper (Th) cell subtypes in both usage of effector …