Importance Surgeons make complex, high-stakes decisions under time constraints and
uncertainty, with significant effect on patient outcomes. This review describes the …

Kidney pathophysiology is often complex, nonlinear and heterogeneous, which limits the
utility of hypothetical-deductive reasoning and linear, statistical approaches to diagnosis and …

Medical education as we know it today spans three sectors: undergraduate, postgraduate,
and the continuing professional development of established clinicians. Medical education is …

Fever in children is a common concern for parents and one of the most frequent presenting
complaints in emergency department visits, often involving non-pediatric emergency …

Objective Congenital heart defects (CHD) are still missed frequently in prenatal screening
programs, which can result in severe morbidity or even death. The aim of this study was to …

Background Growing evidence for the role of GPs' gut feelings in cancer diagnosis raises
questions about their origin and role in clinical practice. Aim To explore the origins of GPs' …

Background: Since acute abdomen requires accurate diagnosis and treatment within a
particular time limit to prevent mortality, the Japanese Society for Abdominal Emergency …

Sepsis is a leading cause of global mortality in children, yet definitions for pediatric sepsis
are outdated and lack global applicability and validity. In adults, the Sepsis-3 Definition …

In spite of substantial spending and resource utilization, today's health care remains
characterized by poor outcomes, largely due to overuse (overtesting/overtreatment) or …

Background Management of pneumonia in many low-income and middle-income countries
is based on WHO guidelines that classify children according to clinical signs that define …