Owing to their immense potential in energy conversion and storage, catalysis,
photocatalysis, adsorption, separation and life science applications, significant interest has …

We review recent works on the synthesis and application of poly (ionic liquid) s (PILs). Novel
chemical structures, different synthetic strategies and controllable morphologies are …

Over the last decade, significant effort has been devoted to the applications of hierarchically
structured porous materials owing to their outstanding properties such as high surface area …

In recent years, electrospun nanofibers have attracted great attention for their facile
adjustable structure, morphology feature and chemical composition. Especially, significant …

Human fingers exhibit both high sensitivity and wide tactile range. The finger skin structures
are designed to display gradient microstructures and compressibility. Inspired by the …

Electrospun porous nanofibers have gained a lot of interest recently in various fields
because of their adjustable porous structure, high specific surface area, and large number of …

Hierarchically ordered mesoporous materials have gained significant scientific attention due
to their high surface areas, uniform porosity over various lengths scales, high-volume …

Hydrogels are water-absorbing materials with three-dimensional network structures.
Hydrogel actuators have heterogeneous structures and can respond to specific …

High-quality optical fibers can be produced now at a low cost and large quantity, and this
has further promoted the development of fiber-optic (chemical) sensors. After over 30 years …

Fast actuation speed, large-shape deformation and robust responsiveness are critical to
synthetic soft actuators. A simultaneous optimization of all these aspects without trade-offs …