Seed dispersal by animals is a complex phenomenon, characterized by multiple
mechanisms and variable outcomes. Most researchers approach this complexity by …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts that behavior and physiology covary
with life history. Evidence for such covariation is contradictory, possibly because systematic …

Male–female coevolution has taken different paths among closely related species, but our
understanding of the factors that govern its direction is limited. While it is clear that …

Sex differences in selection arise for at least two possible reasons:(1) differences originating
from anisogamy—the Darwin-Bateman paradigm—and (2) competition-driven ecological …

Females and males have conflicting evolutionary interests. Selection favors the evolution of
different phenotypes within each sex, yet divergence between the sexes is constrained by …

Intraspecific variation in floral visitor behaviour and pollination efficiency has been much
less studied than interspecific variation. Nevertheless, it is clear that large differences in …

The complex interplay of the multiple genetic processes of evolution and the ecological
contexts in which they proceed frustrates detailed identification of many of the states of …

Comparisons of the strength and form of phenotypic selection among groups provide a
powerful approach for testing adaptive hypotheses. A central and largely unaddressed issue …

Anisogamy predisposes the sexes to very different patterns of selection on shared traits.
Selective differences between the sexes may manifest as changes in the direction or …

The evolution of sex-specific phenotypes is an important dimension of diversification and
local adaptation. The sex-dependent regulation of gene expression is considered a key …