The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

The fascinating patterns of collective motion created by autonomously driven particles have
fuelled active-matter research for over two decades. So far, theoretical active-matter …

Mobile microrobots, which can navigate, sense, and interact with their environment, could
potentially revolutionize biomedicine and environmental remediation. Many self-organizing …

A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

How do growing bacterial colonies get their shapes? While colony morphogenesis is well
studied in two dimensions, many bacteria grow as large colonies in three-dimensional (3D) …

Bacterial biofilms can be programmed to produce living materials with self-healing and
evolvable functionalities. However, the wider use of artificial biofilms has been hindered by …

In the wild, bacteria are predominantly associated with surfaces as opposed to existing as
free-swimming, isolated organisms. They are thus subject to surface-specific mechanics …

Bacteria predate plants and animals by billions of years. Today, they are the world's smallest
cells, yet they represent the bulk of the world's biomass and the main reservoir of nutrients …

Bacteria primarily exist in robust, surface-associated communities known as biofilms,
ubiquitous in both natural and anthropogenic environments. Mature biofilms resist a wide …

The locomotion of microorganisms and spermatozoa in complex viscoelastic fluids is of
critical importance in many biological processes such as fertilization, infection, and biofilm …