Lungs experience frequent interactions with the external environment and have an
abundant supply of blood; therefore, they are susceptible to invasion by pathogenic …

The liver cancer has microenvironmental features such as low pH, M2 tumor-associated
macrophage enrichment, low oxygen, rich blood supply and susceptibility to hematotropic …

Introduction Currently, cancer immunotherapy is widely used as a groundbreaking method
that can completely cure advanced cancers. However, this new immunotherapy has the …

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by harnessing the patient's immune
system to target and eliminate cancer cells. However, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) …

Abstract Background Glycol chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have emerged as an effective
drug delivery system for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Although they have great …

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach against tumors, with
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) making significant clinical practice. The traditional ICIs …

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, and anti-
CTLA-4 antibody) have displayed considerable success in the treatment of malignant …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a lethal malignancy with a high mortality rate due to its low
immunogenicity, the strong immunosuppressive milieu and poor drug permeability. To …

Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative way of treating cancer by stimulating individual cells
to overcome cancer. Widespread biomedical studies were carried out with the aim of …

Nanotechnology is a vast field used in medicine as well." Nano" is a prefix that stands for 10-
9, ie, one billionth of a meter. The design and synthesis of efficient drug delivery systems are …