Natural products, and especially the active ingredients found in traditional Chinese medicine
(TCM), have a thousand-year-long history of clinical use and a strong theoretical basis in …

Background Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum
erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in …

ABSTRACT C-Myc overexpression is a common finding in pancreatic cancer and predicts
the aggressive behavior of cancer cells. It binds to the promoter of different genes, thereby …

In the last decade, the field of cancer metabolism transformed itself from being a description
of the metabolic features of cancer cells to become a key component of cellular …

Pyruvate kinase is a key regulator in glycolysis through the conversion of
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) into pyruvate. Pyruvate kinase exists in various isoforms that …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide.
Metabolic reprogramming represents an important cancer hallmark in CRC. Reprogramming …

Background: Shikonin, a small molecule inhibitor of pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), has been
demonstrated to play the antitumor effect in various cancers. However, the specific effects …

Calcium ion (Ca2+) signaling is critical to many physiological processes, and its kinetics and
subcellular localization are tightly regulated in all cell types. All Ca2+ flux perturbations …

Cancer is caused by excessive cell proliferation and a propensity to avoid cell death, while
the spread of cancer is facilitated by enhanced cellular migration, invasion, and …

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is serious inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Accumulating
evidence links diabetes with severity of AP, suggesting that endogenous insulin may be …