Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks …

The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Most patients survive acute myocardial infarction (MI). Yet this encouraging development
has certain drawbacks: heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing and patients affected tend …

Exposure of cells to high voltage electric pulses increases transiently membrane
permeability through membrane electroporation. Electroporation can be reversible and is …

The uptake of calcium into and extrusion of calcium from the mitochondrial matrix is a
fundamental biological process that has critical effects on cellular metabolism, signaling …

The major concept of" oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen …

Interventional coronary reperfusion strategies are widely adopted to treat acute myocardial
infarction, but morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction are still high …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms
under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile signaling
molecules coordinating physiological and pathophysiological processes. While channels …

Calcium overload, characterized by an abnormal cytoplasm accumulation of free calcium
ions (Ca 2+), is a widely recognized cause of damage in numerous cell types and even of …