The human Y chromosome is intriguing not only because it harbours the master-switch gene
that determines gender but also because of its unusual evolutionary history. The Y …

Among dioecious flowering plants, females and males often differ in a range of
morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. This is referred to as sexual dimorphism …

Fruit flies of the genus Drosophila have been an attractive and effective genetic model
organism since Thomas Hunt Morgan and colleagues made seminal discoveries with them …

Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals, but their repeat-rich nature has
hampered sequencing and associated evolutionary studies. Here we trace Y evolution …

Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis
and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination …

Many species groups, including mammals and many insects, determine sex using
heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Diptera flies, which include the model Drosophila …

Animal sex chromosomes typically carry the upstream sex-determining gene that triggers
testis or ovary development and, in some species, are regulated by global dosage …

Although sex is a fundamental component of eukaryotic reproduction, the genetic systems
that control sex determination are highly variable. In many organisms the presence of sex …

Sex chromosomes can evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. Owing to detailed studies using key model systems, we have a nuanced …

Insects harbor a tremendous diversity of sex determining mechanisms both within and
between groups. For example, in some orders such as Hymenoptera, all members are …