Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory
responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic
inflammation causing progressive joint damage that can lead to lifelong disability. The …

Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation,
maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines …

Multicellular organisms are composed of diverse cell types that must coordinate their
behaviors through communication. Cell–cell communication (CCC) is essential for growth …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

There are extensive studies on the applications of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced in
cell culture for therapeutic drug development. However, large quantities of EVs are needed …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), a category of transmembrane receptors, have gained
significant clinical attention in oncology due to their central role in cancer pathogenesis …

Increasing number of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been approved for chronic
haematopoietic neoplasms and inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. We aimed to assess …

Abstract Objective Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinibs) are efficacious in rheumatoid arthritis
(RA) with variable reported rates of adverse events, potentially related to differential JAK …

Abstract Kinases of the Jak ('Janus kinase') family and transcription factors (TFs) of the STAT
('signal transducer and activator of transcription') family constitute a rapid membrane-to …