Positive effects from sports are achieved primarily through physical activity, but secondary
effects bring health benefits such as psychosocial and personal development and less …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Abstract Purpose of Review For many years, exercise was controversial in multiple sclerosis
(MS) and thought to exacerbate symptoms and fatigue. However, having been found to be …

Aerobic exercise improves cognitive and motor function by inducing neural changes
detected using molecular, cellular, and systems level neuroscience techniques. This review …

Abstract Purpose of Review The article discusses the two most significant modifiable risk
factors for dementia, namely, physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity, and …

No medications prevent or reverse age-related cognitive decline. Physical activity (PA)
enhances memory in rodents, but findings are mixed in human studies. As a result, exercise …

Studies have shown that aerobic exercise has the potential to improve cognition and reduce
brain atrophy in older adults. However, the literature is equivocal with regards to the …

The number of studies investigating exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-related
changes in the functional and structural organization of brain networks continues to rise …

Despite increasing evidence that physical activity (PA) contributes to brain health in older
individuals, both at the level of brain structure and function, this relationship is not yet well …

Individual differences in cognitive performance increase with advancing age, reflecting
marked cognitive changes in some individuals along with little or no change in others …