Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated tremendous
efforts to develop therapeutic strategies that target severe acute respiratory syndrome …

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has
caused a devastating pandemic. Although most people infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop …

ABSTRACT The novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B. 1.1. 529), first found in early
November 2021, has sparked considerable global concern and it has> 50 mutations, many …

SARS-CoV-2 entry requires sequential cleavage of the spike glycoprotein at the S1/S2 and
the S2ʹ cleavage sites to mediate membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 has a polybasic insertion …

Autophagy is a versatile degradation system for maintaining cellular homeostasis whereby
cytosolic materials are sequestered in a double-membrane autophagosome and …

Nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted considerable attention in various fields, such as
cosmetics, the food industry, material design, and nanomedicine. In particular, the fast …

The spillovers of betacoronaviruses in humans and the emergence of severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight the need for broad …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in an unprecedented setback …

Drug repurposing or repositioning is a technique whereby existing drugs are used to treat
emerging and challenging diseases, including COVID-19. Drug repurposing has become a …

Viruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like
autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and …