Recent progress in plate tectonic reconstructions has seen models move beyond the
classical idea of continental drift by attempting to reconstruct the full evolving configuration of …

Concealed deep beneath the oceans is a carbon conveyor belt, propelled by plate tectonics.
Our understanding of its modern functioning is underpinned by direct observations, but its …

We present an updated oceanic crustal age grid and a set of complementary grids including
spreading rate, asymmetry, direction, and obliquity. Our data set is based on a selected set …

Mountain building in the Andes, the longest continental mountain range on Earth, started in
the Late Cretaceous but was highly diachronous. Reconstructing the timing of surface uplift …

The continental crust is unique to the Earth in the solar system, and controversies remain
regarding its origin, accretion and reworking of continents. The plate tectonics theory has …

A continental rift is a nascent plate boundary where the lithosphere is thinned by tectonic
activity. Some continental rifts undergo extension to the point that they generate a new …

Despite recent advances, the link between the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and climate
during the Eocene greenhouse remains uncertain. In particular, modelling studies suggest …

The Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO) from~ 17 to 14 million years ago (Ma) represents an
enigmatic reversal in Cenozoic cooling. A synthesis of marine paleotemperature records …

Our capability to reconstruct past landscapes and the processes that shape them underpins
our understanding of paleo-Earth. We take advantage of a global-scale landscape evolution …

Global mean sea level is a key component within the fields of climate and oceanographic
modelling in the Anthropocene. Hence, an improved understanding of eustatic sea level in …