Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to meet the immense demand for energy,
building blocks, and redox potential. Tumors show glucose-avid and lactate-secreting …

The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of
Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the …

The glucose transporter family (GLUT) consists of fourteen members. It is responsible for
glucose homeostasis and glucose transport from the extracellular space to the cell …

Globally, breast cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer among women. The
tumor microenvironment of breast cancer often exhibits hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest subtypes of breast cancer (BC)
for its high aggressiveness, heterogeneity, and hypoxic nature. Based on biological and …

The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-
immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now …

Cancer cells largely rely on aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect to generate essential
biomolecules and energy for their rapid growth. The key modulators in glycolysis including …

Partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the kidney is maintained at a relatively stable level by a
unique and complex functional interplay between renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate …

Neoplastic cells displayed altered metabolism with accelerated glycolysis. Therefore, these
cells need a mammoth supply of glucose for which they display an upregulated expression …

Hypoxia is a usual property of solid tumors that is characterized by low oxygen and nutrition
levels. It is also a good marker for aggressive tumor expansion, metastasis, and poor patient …