With the multiplication of social media platforms, which offer anonymity, easy access and
online community formation and online debate, the issue of hate speech detection and …

Social media is a more common and powerful platform for communication to share views
about any topic or article, which consequently leads to unstructured toxic, and hateful …

In social media platforms, hate speech can be a reason of “cyber conflict” which can affect
social life in both of individual-level and country-level. Hateful and antagonistic content …

Hate speech is an increasingly important societal issue in the era of digital communication.
Hateful expressions often make use of figurative language and, although they represent, in …

The automatic detection of conflictual languages (harmful, aggressive, abusive, and
offensive languages) is essential to provide a healthy conversation environment on the Web …

The increasing use of social media has led to the emergence of a new challenge in the form
of abusive content. There are many forms of abusive content such as hate speech …

The rapid development of online social media makes Abusive Language Detection (ALD) a
hot topic in the field of affective computing. However, most methods for ALD in social …

Instagram is a free photo-sharing platform where each user has a profile and can upload
photos for followers to view, like, and comment. Abusive comments on images can be …

The selection of optimal feature representations is a critical step in the use of machine
learning in text classification. Traditional features (eg bag of words and n-grams) have …

Social media has transformed into a crucial channel for political expression. Twitter,
especially, is a vital platform used to exchange political hate in Pakistan. Political hate …