Research into the mechanisms and manifestations of solid tumor vascularization was
launched more than 50 years ago with the proposition and experimental demonstrations that …

Macrophages phagocytize pathogens to initiate innate immunity and products from the
tumor microenvironment (TME) to mediate tumor immunity. The loss of tumor-associated …

Long-term senescent cells exhibit a secretome termed the senescence-associated secretory
phenotype (SASP). Although the mechanisms of SASP factor induction have been …

Background Deciphering intra‐and inter‐tumoural heterogeneity is essential for
understanding the biology of gastric cancer (GC) and its metastasis and identifying effective …

The tumor microenvironment favors the growth and expansion of cancer cells. Many cell
types are involved in the tumor microenvironment such as inflammatory cells, fibroblasts …

Our understanding of the functions of the IL-1 superfamily cytokine and damage-associated
molecular pattern IL-33 continues to evolve with our understanding of homeostasis and …

Mast cells are unique tissue-resident immune cells of the myeloid lineage that have long
been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic and autoimmune disorders. More recently …

JAK/STAT signaling pathway is one of the important regulatory signaling cascades for the
myriad of cellular processes initiated by various types of ligands such as growth factors …

The involvement of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in cancer progression has long
been recognized. PGE2 functions as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule with …

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extensive fibroinflammatory microenvironment.
During carcinogenesis, normal stromal cells are converted to cytokine-high cancer …