Lung ultrasound is increasingly used in emergency departments, medical wards, and critical
care units—adult, pediatric, and neonatal. In vitro and in vivo studies show that the number …

The accurate definition and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major
achievements of modern nephrology. Intensive research is now being undertaken to unravel …

Extravascular lung water (EVLW) is a key variable in heart failure management and
prognosis, but its objective assessment remains elusive. Lung imaging has been …

For a cardiologist, lung ultrasound is an add-on to transthoracic echocardiography, just as
lung auscultation is part of a cardiac physical examination. A cardiac 3.5-to 5.0-MHz …

Fluid overload has been associated with morbidity and mortality in various clinical scenarios
including heart failure and critical illness. It exerts pathologic sequelae in almost all the …

Aims Residual pulmonary congestion at discharge is associated with poor prognosis in
heart failure (HF), but its quantification through physical examination is challenging …

In patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), optimization of systemic haemodynamics is central
to the clinical management. However, considerable debate exists regarding the efficacy …

Lung congestion is a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients on
chronic hemodialysis, and its estimation by ultrasound may be useful to guide ultrafiltration …

Shortness of breath is a major reason that patients present to the emergency department
(ED) and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been shown to aid in diagnosis, particularly …

The management of complex fluid and electrolyte disorders is central to the practice of
nephrologists. The sensitivity of physical examination alone to determine fluid status is …