Narcolepsy is the most common neurological cause of chronic sleepiness. The discovery
about 20 years ago that narcolepsy is caused by selective loss of the neurons producing …

Neural substrates of wakefulness, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), and non-REMS
(NREMS) in the mammalian hypothalamus overlap both anatomically and functionally with …

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder caused by deficiency of orexin signaling. However, the
neural mechanisms by which deficient orexin signaling causes the abnormal rapid eye …

Since the discovery of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep in the late 1950s, identification of
the neural circuitry underlying wakefulness, sleep onset and the alternation between REM …

One decade ago, our laboratory provided the first direct evidence linking orexin/hypocretin
signaling with drug seeking by showing that activation of these neurons promotes …

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a neuropeptide produced in neurons sparsely
distributed in the lateral hypothalamic area. Recent studies have reported that MCH neurons …

The brain demands high-energy supply and obstruction of blood flow causes rapid
deterioration of the healthiness of brain cells. Two major events occur upon ischemia …

The precise neural circuitry that mediates arousal during sleep apnea is not known. We
previously found that glutamatergic neurons in the external lateral parabrachial nucleus …

Sleep is essential for health. Indeed, poor sleep is consistently linked to the development of
systemic disease, including depression, metabolic syndrome, and cognitive impairments …

During tactile perception, long-range intracortical top-down axonal projections are essential
for processing sensory information. Whether these projections regulate sleep-dependent …