The efficiency of a transport system depends on several elements, such as available
technology, governmental policies, the planning process, and control strategies. Indeed, the …

This paper critically reviews applications of metaheuristics for solving the Transit Route
Network Design Problem (TRNDP). A structured review is offered and prominent …

Most of the optimization problems encountered in the real world are discrete type which
involves decision variables defined in the discrete search space. Binary optimization …

This paper proposes a bi-level transit network design problem where the transit routes and
frequency settings are determined simultaneously. The upper-level problem is formulated as …

With the growing attention toward develo** a multimodal transport system to enhance
urban mobility, there is an increasing need to construct new infrastructures, rebuild or …

This paper develops a mathematical model for the optimal stop** design of limited-stop
bus service, which allows each bus vehicle to skip some stops. To better reflect the reality …

This paper investigates the implementation of a Multi-Objective Optimization technique for
improving public transportation route planning in the setting of smart cities. Recognizing the …

Sustainability has three dimensions, including social, economic, and environmental
dimensions. However, existing road network design studies only focus on one or at most two …

Transportation network capacity enhancement is essential in urban transportation planning.
In this paper, a general multimodal network capacity problem (MNCP) is proposed, which …

This paper solves the problem of optimizing a surcharge-reward scheme and analyzes
equilibrium properties incorporating commuters' departure time choice to relieve crowding …