Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However,
the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not …

Triglyceride molecules represent the major form of storage and transport of fatty acids within
cells and in the plasma. The liver is the central organ for fatty acid metabolism. Fatty acids …

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes complications, both
microvascular and cardiovascular. The metabolic abnormalities of diabetes cause …

Many human diseases, including metabolic, immune and central nervous system disorders,
as well as cancer, are the consequence of an alteration in lipid metabolic enzymes and their …

POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The University of Virginia has filed patent
applications related to new technologies for the rapid production of vaccines, and Dr …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major site in the cell for protein folding and trafficking
and is central to many cellular functions. Failure of the ER's adaptive capacity results in …

In recent years, diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic and now represents one of the
most prevalent disorders. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of mortality and …

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese
patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and …

In the vascular wall, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by several enzyme
systems including NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating calcium
homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modification and …