BACKGROUND Historical accounts linking cancer and microbes date as early as four
millennia ago. After establishment of the germ theory of infectious diseases, clinical research …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Adult-stem-cell-derived organoids model human epithelial tissues ex vivo, which enables
the study of host–microbe interactions with great experimental control. This protocol …

As Helicobacter pylori management has become more challenging and less efficient over
the last decade, the interest in innovative interventions is growing by the day. Probiotic co …

Currently, the demand for more reliable drug screening devices has made scientists and
researchers develop novel potential approaches to offer an alternative to animal studies …

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system driven by neural, hormonal,
metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Signaling events from the gut can …

Organoids are biomimetic tissue analogs that are generated via the self‐organization of
stem cells or adult cells relying on developmental biology principles. They present tissue …

The interferon (IFN) response is the major early innate immune response against invading
viral pathogens and is even capable of mediating sterilizing antiviral immunity without the …

The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes
adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone …

Over 90% of potential anti-cancer drug candidates results in translational failures in clinical
trials. The main reason for this failure can be attributed to the non-accurate pre-clinical …