Isolated atoms featuring unique reactivity are at the heart of enzymatic and homogeneous
catalysts. In contrast, although the concept has long existed, single-atom heterogeneous …

High temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are one type of
promising energy device with the advantages of fast reaction kinetics (high energy …

Fe–N–C catalysts are the most promising platinum group metal-free oxygen-reduction
catalysts, but they suffer from a low density of active metal sites and the so-called activity …

Fuel cells, a sustainable technology that assures a cleaner earth, once experienced
disillusion due to the issue of economic viability associated with the massive usage of Pt …

Electrochemical clean energy conversion and the production of sustainable chemicals are
critical in the journey to realizing a truly sustainable society. To progress electrochemical …

Iron-and nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-NC) materials are leading candidates to replace
platinum catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells; however, their active …

Future renewable energy supplies and a sustainable environment rely on many important
catalytic processes. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are attractive because of their maximum …

Owing to the high activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the selectivity
toward the four-electron pathway, single atom Fe/N/C electrocatalysts have been considered …

Iron–nitrogen on carbon (Fe–N/C) catalysts have emerged as promising nonprecious metal
catalysts (NPMCs) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in energy conversion and storage …

A fundamental change has been achieved in understanding surface electrochemistry due to
the profound knowledge of the nature of electrocatalytic processes accumulated over the …