Protected areas are the most widely applied policy tool for biodiversity conservation.
However, effective management of protected areas is often obstructed by conflicts mainly …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are globally important environmental management tools that
provide protection from the effects of human exploitation and activities, supporting the …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being promoted as an ocean-based climate
solution. However, such claims remain controversial because of the diffuse and poorly …

In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number
of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits …

The UN's globally adopted Convention on Biological Diversity coverage target for marine
protected areas (MPAs) is≥ 10% by 2020. In 2014, the World Parks Congress …

Coastal lagoons are among the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. Annual
primary production varies from 50 to> 500 g C m− 2 year− 1, being of the same order of …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are conservation tools that are increasingly implemented,
with growing national commitments for MPA expansion. Perhaps the greatest challenge to …

In this innovative volume, the author addresses some important challenges related to the
effective and equitable governance of marine protected areas (MPAs). These challenges are …

The spatial expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is key for the transition to a carbon free
energy sector. In the North Sea, the sprawl of OWFs is regulated by marine spatial planning …

The ecologically and socio-economically important marine ecosystems of Europe are facing
severe threats from a variety of human impacts. To mitigate and potentially reverse some of …