The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution,
yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its …

Evolvability is the ability of a biological system to produce phenotypic variation that is both
heritable and adaptive. It has long been the subject of anecdotal observations and …

The amino acid sequence of a protein affects both its structure and its function. Thus, the
ability to modify the sequence, and hence the structure and activity, of individual proteins in …

To fully understand the regulation of gene expression, it is critical to quantitatively define
whether and how RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) discriminate between alternative binding …

Aptamers are single stranded oligonucleotides that bind a wide range of biological targets.
Although aptamers can be isolated from pools of random sequence oligonucleotides using …

Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and
death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and …

Fitness landscape theory predicts that rugged landscapes with multiple peaks impair
Darwinian evolution, but experimental evidence is limited. In this study, we used genome …

Understanding how genotypes map onto phenotypes, fitness, and eventually organisms is
arguably the next major missing piece in a fully predictive theory of evolution. We refer to this …

Functional effects of different mutations are known to combine to the total effect in highly
nontrivial ways. For the trait under evolutionary selection ('fitness'), measured values over all …

Robustness, the maintenance of a character in the presence of genetic change, can help
preserve adaptive traits but also may hinder evolvability, the ability to bring forth novel …