Over the past few decades, tremendous progress has been made in the development of
particle-based discrete simulation methods versus the conventional continuum-based …

Abstract The 3D (three-dimensional) multi-phase CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model
is widely utilized in optimizing water and thermal management of PEM (proton exchange …

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, consuming hydrogen and oxygen to generate clean
electricity and water, suffer acute liquid water challenges. Accurate liquid water modelling is …

The mitigation of water flooding in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) at relatively high current
densities is indispensable for enhancing the performance of proton exchange membrane …

Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great
complexity and has always been attracting many researchers' attention. As a cost-effective …

Abstract Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are energy efficient and
environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional energy conversion systems in many yet …

The PEFC has emerged as the most viable fuel cell type for automotive and some portable
applications, and also has potential back-up power unit applications due to its low operating …

The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a key component in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
and a comprehensive understanding of its transport properties is imperative for improving …

Enhancing oxygen transport and reducing water flooding in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of
proton exchange membrane fuel cells are important for improving cell performance. In this …

This study applied the pseudo-potential Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for investigating
liquid water transport in the microporous layer (MPL) and gas diffusion layer (GDL) of …