Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many …

The bone remodelling cycle replaces old and damaged bone and is a highly regulated,
lifelong process essential for preserving bone integrity and maintaining mineral …

Critical-sized bone defects often lead to non-union and full-thickness defects of the
calvarium specifically still present reconstructive challenges. In this study, we show that …

Critical‐sized bone defects, especially for irregular shapes, remain a significant challenge in
orthopedics. Although various biomaterials are developed for bone regeneration, their …

Biodegradable synthetic scaffolds hold great promise for oral and craniofacial guided tissue
regeneration and bone regeneration. To overcome the limitations of current scaffold …

Runx2 is a master transcription factor for osteogenesis. The most important phenomenon
that makes this protein a master regulator for osteogenesis is its structural integrity. In …

Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between
mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and …

Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering plays a major role in
regenerative medicine. However, the efficiency of MSC transplantation and survival of …

Bioprinting is an emerging technology for manufacturing cell-laden three-dimensional (3D)
scaffolds, which are used to fabricate complex 3D constructs and provide specific …

The mechanical properties of the microenvironment and direct contact-mediated cell-cell
interactions are two variables known to be important in the determination of stem cell …