Evidence is provided for a new conceptualization of the connectivity and functions of the
cingulate cortex in emotion, action, and memory. The anterior cingulate cortex receives …

Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong
genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit …

The loss of control over drug intake that occurs in addiction was initially believed to result
from disruption of subcortical reward circuits. However, imaging studies in addictive …

In many circumstances alternative courses of action and thoughts have to be inhibited to
allow the emergence of goal-directed behavior. However, this has not been the accepted …

Numerous experiments have recently sought to identify neural signals associated with the
subjective value (SV) of choice alternatives. Theoretically, SV assessment is an intermediate …

Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by suboptimal decisions and actions
that give rise to an increased incidence of unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and …

Neuroimagingstudies with positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) have begun to describe the functional neuroanatomy of emotion …

Although it has long been recognized that many individuals with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also have difficulties with emotion regulation, no consensus …

The ability to cognitively regulate emotional responses to aversive events is important for
mental and physical health. Little is known, however, about neural bases of the cognitive …