Cellular mitophagy means that cells selectively wrap and degrade damaged mitochondria
through an autophagy mechanism, thus maintaining mitochondria and intracellular …

The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in
skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in …

The excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impairment of defensive
antioxidant systems leads to a condition known as oxidative stress. The main source of free …

The glutathione (GSH) system is considered to be one of the most powerful endogenous
antioxidant systems in the cardiovascular system due to its key contribution to detoxifying …

Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites
which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These …

Cardiac metabolism is vital for heart function. Given that cardiac contraction requires a
continuous supply of ATP in large quantities, the role of fuel metabolism in the heart has …

The reversible oxidation-reduction homeostasis mechanism functions as a specific signal
transduction system, eliciting related physiological responses. Disruptions to redox …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen,
controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart …

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play key roles in the progression of …