The ocean is home to a diverse and metabolically versatile microbial community that
performs the complex biochemical transformations that drive the nitrogen cycle, including …

Nitrogen (N) is used in many of life's fundamental biomolecules, and it is also a participant in
environmental redox chemistry. Biogeochemical processes control the amount and form of N …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

Anoxic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process for
wastewater treatment. However, the unstable nitrite supply and residual nitrate in the …

Global nitrogen fixation contributes 413 Tg of reactive nitrogen (Nr) to terrestrial and marine
ecosystems annually of which anthropogenic activities are responsible for half, 210 Tg N …

The “biological pump” is the process by which photosynthetically-produced organic matter in
the ocean descends from the surface layer to depth by a combination of sinking particles …

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in regulating global climate as a major sink for
atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and in global ocean biogeochemistry by supplying …

Ocean acidification has altered the ocean's carbonate chemistry profoundly since
preindustrial times, with potentially serious consequences for marine life. Yet, no long-term …

Uncertainty in the global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation limits our understanding of the
response of the ocean's nitrogen and carbon cycles to environmental change. The …

This paper contrasts the natural and anthropogenic controls on the conversion of unreactive
N 2 to more reactive forms of nitrogen (Nr). A variety of data sets are used to construct global …