Snake venoms are heterogeneous mixtures of proteins and peptides used for prey
subjugation. With modern proteomics there has been a rapid expansion in our knowledge of …

Animal venoms are used as defense mechanisms or to immobilize and digest prey. In fact,
venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components with specific …

Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host
defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key …

Fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution, snake venoms have frightened but also
fascinated humanity and nowadays they constitute potential resources for drug …

Wnt dependency and Lgr5 expression define multiple mammalian epithelial stem cell types.
Under defined growth factor conditions, such adult stem cells (ASCs) grow as 3D organoids …

Snakebite envenomations (SBEs) are a neglected medical condition of global importance
that mainly affect the tropical and subtropical regions. Clinical manifestations include pain …

Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted
through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. Although a …

Snake venom L-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs) are flavoproteins, which perform diverse
biological activities in the victim such as edema, myotoxicity and cytotoxicity, contributing to …

For decades, natural products in general and snake venoms (SV) in particular have been a
rich source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery, and they remain a promising …

The nose-horned viper, its nominotypical subspecies Vipera ammodytes ammodytes (Vaa),
in particular, is, medically, one of the most relevant snakes in Europe. The local and …