Abstract Purpose of Review The changes or updates in ocean biogeochemistry component
have been mapped between CMIP5 and CMIP6 model versions, and an assessment made …

Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and
biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial …

We document the development of the first version of the UK Earth System Model UKESM1.
The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2‐ES, with …

Results from the fully-, biogeochemically-, and radiatively-coupled simulations in which CO
2 increases at a rate of 1% per year (1pctCO2) from its pre-industrial value are analyzed to …

PISCES-v2 is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine
ecosystem (phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and the …

Many protist plankton are mixotrophs, combining phototrophy and phagotrophy. Their role in
freshwater and marine ecology has emerged as a major develo** feature of plankton …

Abstract The Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) is the change in global mean temperature
expected to occur following the cessation of net CO 2 emissions and as such is a critical …

We describe the scientific and technical implementation of two models for a core set of
experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project …

Numerical models of ocean biogeochemistry are relied upon to make projections about the
impact of climate change on marine resources and test hypotheses regarding the drivers of …

Microplastic debris ending up at the sea surface has become a known major environmental
issue. However, how microplastic particles move and when they sink in the ocean remains …