De-democratization may take the form of executive-led attacks as well as incremental
decrepitude, gradual emptying of underlying constitutional values, and state inertia. Contrary …

The aim of the article is to show how modern autocracies can distort traditional institutions'
principles of functioning and form state–business relations for their own benefit. Our case …

The power of courts has increased worldwide at an unprecedented pace. At the same time,
judicial governance has changed as well. Most importantly, several regions have witnessed …

There are two contrasting claims regarding the Hungarian judiciary. The Government
asserts that it is in the best shape, while many other voices label it as captured or …

The starting point of the paper is that the early constitutional changes after the populist
transformation of Hungarian majority state politics (from 2010) and the application of the new …

Classic and new concepts of the separation of powers doctrine focus on the control of
central political power. Institutional checks and balances are classic legal instruments of this …

Constitutional resilience is the capacity of a constitutional system to withstand attempts
aimed at changing or violating its core elements. The expression is used mostly in the …

The paper shows how one of Europe's most powerful and activist constitutional courts has
become a servant of the government and a legitimiser of the will of the executive. Despite …

The worldwide decline in democracy poses a major challenge to the independence of
constitutional courts, which are the guardians of constitutionalism and the rule of law. The …

Constitutional conventions are traditionally understood as socially binding, usually
unwritten, rules of constitutional importance based on precedent which cannot be enforced …