A new syntactic model, called pure two-dimensional (2D) context-free grammar (P2DCFG),
is introduced based on the notion of pure context-free string grammar. The rectangular …

Syntactic models constitute one of the main areas of mathematical studies on picture array
generation. A number of 2D grammar models have been proposed motivated by a variety of …

A new model to generate hexagonal arrays using Petri net structure has been defined. The
catenation of an arrowhead to ab-hexagon results in a similar b-hexagon. This concept has …

Ecosystems are extraordinarily complex assemblages of plants and animals interacting with
each other, with the physical environment, and, increasingly, with humans. Ecology is the …

A new model to generate triangular arrays using petri net structure has been defined. The
catenation of an arrowhead to an equilateral triangle results in a similar equilateral triangle …

In the study of recombinant behavior of DNA molecules, the operation of splicing on strings
was introduced. A variant of splicing known as flat splicing on strings has been considered …