Vitamin D is a steroid hormone with potent immune-modulating properties. It has been
shown to stimulate innate immunity and induce immune tolerance. Extensive research …

The influence of environmental factors on the development of autoimmune disease is being
broadly investigated to better understand the multifactorial nature of autoimmune …

Having increased popularity during the Covid-19 pandemic, vitamin D3 is currently
impressing thanks to the numerous researches aimed at its interactions with the body's …

Epigenetics is a series of alterations regulating gene expression without disrupting the DNA
sequence of bases. These regulatory mechanisms can result in embryogenesis, cellular …

Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone essential for calcium
homeostasis and skeletal health, but established evidence highlights its significant roles …

The major role of bioactive vitamin 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH) 2D or calcitriol) is
to maintain the levels of calcium and phosphorus to achieve bone and mineral homeostasis …

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by lymphocytic
infiltration of the exocrine glands, which leads to dryness of the eyes and mouth; systemic …

Background: The pathoetiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves a
multifactorial interaction consisting of various genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors …

The breakdown of self-tolerance of the immune response can lead to autoimmune
conditions in which chronic inflammation induces tissue damage. Systemic lupus …

Vitamin D insufficiency appears to be prevalent in SLE patients. Multiple factors potentially
contribute to lower vitamin D levels, including limited sun exposure, the use of sunscreen …