Extended bouts of fasting are ingrained in the ecology of many organisms, characterizing
aspects of reproduction, development, hibernation, estivation, migration, and infrequent …

The methodology for analysis of marine mammal diets may be thought of as a series of
choices; about the sampling regime, the type of sample, the processing of samples, the …

Lifetime reproductive success of individuals in a natural population provides an estimate of
Darwinian fitness. We calculated lifetime reproductive success in a colony of female …

Page 1 The Pinnipeds Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses Marianne Riedman Page 2 The
Pinnipeds SEALS, SEA LIONS, AND WALRUSES Marianne Riedman ALS" eals This lucid …

There are several groups of animals that are adapted for extremely long duration fasting as
part of their reproductive cycle. Penguins, bears and seals routinely fast without food or …

The energy and material transferred from Northern elephant seal mothers to their pups
during the 26.5‐day lactation interval was measured using mass change and water influx …

The 2 1/2-month period from weaning to departure from the rookery was studied in northern
elephant seal pups at Año Nuevo Island, California. After being weaned at 4 weeks of age …

Stressors are commonly accepted as the causal factors, either internal or external, that
evoke physiological responses to mediate the impact of the stressor. The majority of …

Lactation represents a major proportion of maternal reproductive effort. In ungulates the
energetic costs of lactation comprise 75–80% of the total energetic costs of reproduction …

Osmoregulation in marine mammals has been investigated for over a century; however, a
review of recent advances in our understanding of water and electrolyte balance and of …