Sleep remains one of the most mysterious yet ubiquitous animal behaviors. We review
current perspectives on the neural systems that regulate sleep/wake states in mammals and …

Although its true function remains unclear, sleep is considered critical to human
physiological and cognitive function. Equally, since sleep loss is a common occurrence prior …

Sleep is critical for diverse aspects of brain function in animals ranging from invertebrates to
humans. Powerful genetic tools in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have identified—at …

Sleep is a complex physiological process that is regulated globally, regionally, and locally
by both cellular and molecular mechanisms. It occurs to some extent in all animals, although …

Do all animals sleep? Sleep has been observed in many vertebrates, and there is a growing
body of evidence for sleep-like states in arthropods and nematodes [1–5]. Here we show …

The characteristics of the sleep drivers and the mechanisms through which sleep relieves
the cellular homeostatic pressure are unclear. In flies, zebrafish, mice, and humans, DNA …

Humans have been fascinated by sleep for millennia. After almost a century of scientific
interrogation, significant progress has been made in understanding the neuronal regulation …

The energy allocation (EA) model defines behavioral strategies that optimize the temporal
utilization of energy to maximize reproductive success. This model proposes that all species …

Sleep remains one of the least understood phenomena in biology—even its role in synaptic
plasticity remains debatable. Since sleep was recognized to be regulated genetically …

INTRODUCTION Global brain states such as sleep and wakefulness involve
reconfigurations of neural circuit activity across the entire nervous system. Yet it is not …